chunk 54: lists of tense replacers chunk 54: lists of tense replacers→ formation of tense replacers
lists of tense replacements
Flat hard
Flat hard
Flat soft
Bent hard
Bent soft
Primary and secondary endings.
(listsoftensereplacemen) (lis)
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^ 
When the nine flat tiG replace hard liG, and they are not after
These are all Git affixes because rule yAsuTpa says so.
Examples --
(no puganta here because yAt''' is Git)
(no hardsoft here because yAt''' is Git)
See also flat hard
See also formation of flat hard
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^
When the nine flat hard
all of which start with
yAt''' yAtAm''' yus'''
Examples with zapclass, zaclass, nichclass, sanAdi roots --
bhU +
bhU +
kSipa + yAt''' →
cintaya + yAs''' →
suSupsa + yAt''' →
See also formation of the flat hard
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^
The nine flat tiG, when they replace soft liG, turn into --
(see rules that form the flat soft
(notice that yAt'''' and yAs'''' look like the hard yAt''' yAs''')
The root will get no zap etc because these are soft, and will get no hardsoft or puganta because they are Git (by yAsuTpa). These affixes will never get iT because they are not valAdi.
Examples --
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^
The bent tiG affixes, when they replace hard liG, turn into --
These are all Git affixes because rule hard
Examples:
(no puganta here because Ita'''' is Git)
Of course after
See also bent hard
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^
When the bent affixes replace the soft liG tense, they turn into --
sISThAs''' sIyAsthAm''' sIdhvam'''
(the sIdhvam''' will sometimes turn into
(See bent soft
These affixes have no
(there is no zap here because
But when they are after an aniT root that ends in
These affixes start with
When they get no iT, the
^
When the flat tiG replace laT, they stay unchanged --
The bent, however, turn into --
The
either with anti''' ante''' by rule jhontaH
or with ati''' ate''' by the two rules below jhontaH
The bents were changed by rules Tita and
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^
When the flat tiG affixes replace laG, they are affected by tasthastha, itazca or nityaGGitaH, and turn into --
The jh''' affix will turn into ant''' or into at''' by rules jhontaH ff. That ant''' always loses its
The bent tiG affixes that replace laG, however, stay unchanged --
The jha will turn into anta''' or into ata''' by rules jhontaH ff.
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^
When the flat replace liT, rule Nalatusus turns them into --
^
When loT is replaced with the eighteen tiG, they turn into --
Of course, because of jhontaH and its two exceptions,
jhu''' will turn into antu''' or atu''',
and jhAm'''' into antAm'''' or atAm''''.
See
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^
To make the luT verbs, add these after the root --
These are not luT replacers, but the tAs affix that follows the root, joined with the luT replacer. For instance, tAras is tAs plus jhi. The tAs affix will cause hardsoft or puganta of the root.
So, whenever I write --
that's just short for --
All of these start with tAs, so they will combine with the root in the same way the root combines with tavya tRc tumun, which are also non- kGit softs that start with
As tAs is a valAdi soft, all of these eighteen will sometimes get iT --
If these doesn't get iT, sometimes the
See also split
See also formation of
^ 
I do not use the words " primary" and " secondary", but I explain them here anyway because you will find them in other grammars.
Western grammarians call the tiG endings that replace Tit tenses " primary endings", and those that replace Git tenses " secondary endings".
The primary endings are those that replace laT lRT loT luT and the bent liT --
1. the flat primary endings are just the flat in the list tiptas
2. the bent primary endings are the bent in the list tiptas, affected by Tita ff --
The secondary endings are those that replace laG lRG luG liG and a few loT --
1. the flat secondary endings are the flat in the list tiptas, affected by rules itazca, tasthastha and nityaGGitaH --
2. and the bent secondary endings are just the bent in the list tiptas --
See also
^
When
So, we have to disambiguate these two by context.
This happens when replacing luG too --
There's no doubt if the root takes only flat affixes, like
Or only bent affixes, like labh --
There is no ambiguity in the loT --
or the liG --
chunk 54: lists of tense replacers