chunk 98: ABOUT INRIA TOOLS chunk 98: ABOUT INRIA TOOLS→ UNCLASSIFIED CRAP AND HALFWRITTEN THINGS
inria manual
inria abbreviations
about pfp
inria sandhi
Inria codes for tenses.
ac mo ps
ppr words
number in inria
" cases " are the seven groups of
Western names of the cases.
cases in inria.
person in inria
gender in inria
colors in inria
orange in inria
Gray words in inria.
Blue words in inria.
Red words in inria.
Pink words in inria.
About inria.
Inria reader.
Inria website.
inria uses
Inria declension.
inria conjugation
inria grammar
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The inria Sanskrit tools (a.k.a. SHE, "Sanskrit Heritage Engine") are a complicated tool. So start by reading the The Sanskrit Heritage Engine Reference Manual. After that, my notes might help a bit too --
all inria abbreviations sorted alphabetically
inria abbreviations by groups
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ca causative (a non- nichclass root that carries Nic)
nom. first that is not Amantrita
pfu word made by lRTassadvA
ps bent that does not mean the doer
vn ' verb nominal ' (French for denominative, ie, a sanAdyanta root derived from a noun, like
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If you use inria reader, keep this cheatsheet at hand --
abs absolutive (a root with ktvA or lyap added)
inf infinitive (root plus tumun)
pp past passive participle (root plus kta)
ppa past active participle ( ktavatu)
ppr participe présent (has zatR or zAnac, made by laTazzatR)
ppr ac present active participle ( zatR)
ppr mo present middle participle ( kartari zAnac)
ppr ps present passive participle ( akartari zAnac)
pfu participe futur (has zatR or zAnac, made by lRTassadvA)
pfu ac future active participle ( zatR)
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Inria reader flags words like
Therefore, the word means "should be done" or the like --
The number after pfp shows which affix it is --
pfp (1) passive future participle with yat or kyap
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To get to the inria sandhi gadget, click the "Sandhi" link at the bottom of --
That shows two boxes. When you type
Important: even though this gadget only gives you one of the three options that
(inriacodesfortenses) (inriac)
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All verbs are made by adding a tense after a root, then replacing the tense with a tiG. When you type a word in inria reader and it thinks that the word might have been made that way, it paints it red, and when you click it, it shows the root, the tense, and the tiG. For instance, if you type
The abbreviations that show the tense are --
benedictive = soft liG -- 'may it be' tense
imperfect = laG -- a past tense
injunctive = luG affected by namAGyoge ff
optative = hard liG -- would, should, must, might, ought to
periphrastic perfect = liT that got Am'' -- a past tense
pft perfect = liT that didn't get Am'' -- a past tense
The vedic tense leT is not detected by inria. It is called "subjunctive" in Western grammars.
Back to red words in inria .
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The inria abbreviations ac, mo, ps appear when a tense has been replaced with an affix. They show --
ac -- the affix is flat (flats are always doer affixes)
mo -- the affix is bent, and is not after yak (likely because it is a doer affix)
ps -- the affix is bent, and is after yak (likely because it is a nondoer affix)
Examples --
inria explains dveSTi as "dviS_1 pr [2] ac sg 3".
This means that the word was made this way --
Here "dviS_1" means the root dviS, and the [2] means that dviS is a lukclass root.
And " pr" means that laT was added after the root (see inria codes for tenses ).
The " sg 3" means that laT was replaced with a singular [third person] affix, namely, with either flat tip or bent ta.
And the ac clarifies that this time we got the flat, namely tip.
In detail --
For the verb
The sg 3 means " tip or ta", like earlier,
the mo means that laT was replaced by the bent, namely ta, and that there is no yak before this ta, likely because this ta is a doer affix and rule sArvadhAtukeyak did not work. So we got --
In the case of
The ps means that the affix is bent, so it is ta, AND there is yak in front of it, so this ta is a nondoer affix --
When inria says mo, and the tense is not a zabyak tense, the affix is bent, yak is never added, so we cannot tell if the affix is a doer affix or a nondoer affix. For instance,
See also ppr words below.
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Inria flags such words as
In the ones with ppr mo ac, laT wa replaced with zatR, and in the ones with ppr mo or ppr ps, with zAnac.
For instance
Now
Finally,
When inria shows the abbreviation pfu (participe futur), the word was made by lRTaH sad vA, which replaced lRT with zatR or zAnac. Examples --
There is no such thing as " pfu ps", because if there is sya there is never yak.
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The seven cases are the seven groups of three affixes that appear in the list svaujas --
The first case, for instance, is the group of three affixes su, au, jas. These three are singular, dual and plural respectively (by rule tAnyeka), and must be used to mean one, two, many things (see rules bahuSu and dvyeka).
See also Western names of the cases .
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In the
You should know them if you are going to use other grammars, or you are going to use inria.
third = instrumental i (by, with)
fourth = dative dat (to, resulting in)
fifth = ablative abl (from, because)
sixth = genitive g (of, among, from the viewpoint of)
seventh = locative loc (in, on, at)
The first endings, su au jas, are called vocative if they are Amantrita, and nominative otherwise.
Be careful when you use the tables of the inria declension gadget. Those tables have eight lines --
first line has non- calling su, au and jas
second one has calling su, au again and jas again
third line has the second affixes am au zas
fourth line has third affixes, and so on.
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To use inria, we need to know the names of the cases. They are --
AND voc vocative = first = svaujas
acc accusative = second = amauTchaS
i instrumental = third = TAbhyAmbhis
dat dative = fourth = GebhyAmbhyas
abl ablative = fifth = GasibhyAmbhyas
loc locative = seventh = Gyossup
Careful: when we use the inria declension gadget, the first case appears in the FIRST AND SECOND rows of the table, the second in the THIRD row, the third in the FOURTH, and so on.
The first row left cell contains the normal su, and the second row first cell contains the calling su. The other cells of second row are always the same as first row.
Careful: the abbreviation " acc", that appears after nounbases, is not the same thing as ac, that appears after roots. So if you type
which means that masculine
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The number 3 2 1 at the end of a verb gloss in inria shows the person.
As for instance,
The color red means this has a tiG.
List of tiG with inria codes --
So if inria says that
And if
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inria reader shows gender with the letters m f n.
In the case of comppounds, such as
If the latter is painted blue, the gender of the latter is the same as the gender of the compound.
If the latter is painted cyan, the gender of the latter is NOT the same as the gender of the compound.
Example. Type
It will tell us it's a compound of the nounbases
It will also tell us that the whole compound is m or f.
But the
cyan shows that gender of compound is not same as gender of last part. Knowing this is useful sometimes.
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To test if a line (such as
It will show the light vowels and the heavy vowels of whatever you pasted (X means heavy, hyphen means light).
If what you pasted is a zloka line, it will say so. Test that right now, please.
There are two situations in which the gadget cannot tell if the line is good or not, and you have to check something before being sure.
When the gadget says "MAYBE ZLOKA LINE, needs caesura 4 / 4", the line is good if the fourth vowel and the fifth vowel do not belong to the same word. It is bad if they are in the same word.
When the gadget says "MAYBE ZLOKA LINE, needs caesura 5 / 3", the line is good if the fifth vowel and the sixth vowel do not belong to the same word. It is bad if they are in the same word.
Paste the following examples into the gadget to see what it says --
gadget shows arrow, so that is definitely a zloka line
gadget shows no arrow, definitely not a zloka
gadget says MAYBE and 4 / 4. The fourth and fifth vowels (yAmA) belong to different words, so the line is good
gadget says MAYBE and 4 / 4. The fourth and fifth vowels (zakti) belong to the same word, so the line is bad. Sounds awful. No way you coud chnt that.
says MAYBE and 5 / 3. Good because fifth and sixth vowels (
says MAYBE and 5 / 3. Bad because fifth and sixth vowels ( in
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blue -- standalone noun, or last noun of compound
yellow -- non-last noun of compound
cyan -- last noun of compound, with possibly changed gender
green -- noun ( with first, used as Amantrita )
orange -- first half of Am'' verb
pink -- none of the above ( unchanging, or even "adverb", if you like )
Examples.
If
Yet
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As of 2022, when you type
That is sort of weird, because inria reader cannot recognize
Then it adds a lot of useless crap. To keep it from hurting your eyes, click the V that is right below the orange.
inria calls the liT that got liTidhA pft or perfect, and the liT that got Am'' the per pft or periphrastic perfect.
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When inria reader paints a word gray, that means something went wrong.
Example: type
Counterexample: type
In many situations, wrong words turn gray and correct words do not. However, we cannot trust that inria will do that always. Examples of the graying going wrong:
(1)
(2) As of 2022,
(3)
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inria reader paints blue or green the words it suspects to be nouns.
Most nouns are made of a nounbase and a sup. inria will show the nounbase and the sup.
Example. When you type
If you type
To decode the affix names, see the cheatsheet cases in inria . Or memorize the list nom acc i dat abl g loc.
Another example. Type
Ounce you know that the nounbase of
When you type a feminine noun, such as
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When inria reader paints a word red, that means it suspects the word might be a verb.
A verb is made by adding a tense after a root, then replacing the tense with a tiG. Inria will show the root, the tense and the tiG.
Example. When we type
This means that the word was formed like this --
Explanation of (
The
The pr is how inria calls the laT. See inria codes for tenses .
[5]
The [5] shows that
sg 3
The sg 3 thing means " singular third person", so it means that the laT was replaced with either tip or ta.
The ac thing means that the replacer is flat, therefore it is tip, not ta.
If instead of ac it shows mo or ps, then the affix would be bent, therefore ta. Test that by typing
If it shows ps, then there is yak before the ta. Test that by typing
Back to colors in inria .
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The words that inria reader paints pink never change. They are neither blue (words that can have different sup) nor red (words that have different tiG).
Examples --
ca "and"
In some cases, inria will paint pink a word that technically can have different endings. This is done for convenience. For instance, from the point of view of Sanskrit grammarians,
That is not a bug. Considering
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When I say inria, I usually mean the inria reader.
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The inria reader is a parser hosted at the inria website.
Use the French version if you can read French. The dictionary is way better.
Four warnings --
(1) It takes time to get used to. Be patient. It is extremely useful.
(2) Sometimes it fails. Do not think it is perfect and you'll be fine.
(4) Read the manual.
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" Inria website" is my nickname for the Sanskrit Heritage Site. It contains several tools --
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Words like
If you type
And if you type
Both spellings of these words,
No matter which spelling is used, you must remember that both of
"The sentence
You must read that aloud as
"The sentence
The true r words are spelled in inria with a final
"The sentence
As --
"The sentence
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The inria declension gadget is at the top of the page --
This gadget allows you to type a nounbase and choose its gender, then it shows you the result of adding all the twenty-one noun endings to it.
Example. Type
which shows the twenty-one affixes added after masculine
The su au jas are in the first row of the table,
the Amantrita su au jas are in the second row,
the second endings in the third row,
and so on down to the seventh endings in the eighth row.
If you choose feminine gender, then you cannot type just the nounbase into the gadget -- you have to type the nounbase with the feminine affix already added. The gadget will not add the Ap or GI for you. For instance, if you type
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The conjugation gadget is at the top of --
It adds verb endings and some kRt affixes to a root.
You must be careful to choose the right verb class number, otherwise you get garbage.
Good example. If you set KH, type in root dviS, set verbclass to 2, and hit "Send" button, you get to a page that shows "Conjugation tables of dviS_1", with NO question mark before the dviS_1. Everything in that page is legit, from
Bad example. If you set KH, type in root dviS, forget to set the verbclass, and hit "Send" button, you get to a page that shows "Conjugation tables of ?dviS", with a question mark before the dviS. The question mark means inria doesn't know of any
The number _1 in dviS_1 does not mean that
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You get to the inria grammar page by clicking the "Grammar" link at the bottom of inria reader. Or, by clicking this --
That page has two gadgets inside --
The inria declension at the top makes nouns. It adds all sup affixes to a nounbase.
The inria conjugation at the bottom makes verbs. It adds all tiG affixes to a root. Adds some kRt too.
chunk 98: ABOUT INRIA TOOLS